The GIF above shows the evaporation of a brine body surrounded by CO₂ in a 2D arbitrary porous structure, simulated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The simulation results demonstrate that salt crystals begin to precipitate once the concentration reaches its oversaturation value.

The GIF above illustrates the displacement of water by scCO₂ in a 2D radial domain, simulated using TOUGH3. The simulation results depict the distribution of the scCO₂ and water phases in the core sample, as well as salt precipitation resulting from brine drying.

The GIF above demonstrates the two-phase flow of scCO₂-water in a 2D arbitrary porous structure, simulated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The simulation results show the distribution of the scCO₂ and water phases at very low capillary numbers.
Our multiphase LB simulator is capable of modelling two-phase displacement across a wide range of capillary numbers. It can also be used to study the effects of wettability, interfacial tension, and viscosity ratio on displacement efficiency and residual trapping of scCO₂ in porous media.